Záznam přidán/aktualizován: 11. března 2022 v 09.37 hod.
Makroekonomie v praxi
František Táborský
Politická ekonomie 2021, 69(6):722-725 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1332
Stati
Odhad nákladů nezaměstnanosti a jejich odraz ve veřejných rozpočtech České republiky v období let 2017-2019
Estimation of Costs of Unemployment and Their Reflection in Public Budgets in the Czech Republic in 2017‒2019
Martin Zeman
Politická ekonomie 2021, 69(6):627-650 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1338
The aim of the presented research is to quantify the costs of unemployment in the Czech Republic in the years before start of the 2020 exogenous crisis. The costs of unemployment are quantified as direct costs and induced costs. The research method is based on the con- struction of the average unemployed. I identify his/her average income level, length of unemployment and age, as well as level of education. The analysis also quantifies the economic effectiveness of hypothetical economic policy measures in maintaining employment.
Kvantifikace fiskálních dopadů uskutečněných reforem zdanění osobních příjmů v České republice
Quantification of Fiscal Impacts of Personal Income Tax Reforms Implemented in the Czech Republic
Jana Tepperová, Jan Pavel, Markéta Arltová
Politická ekonomie 2021, 69(6):651-668 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1337
Personal income taxation in the Czech Republic has undergone significant changes in the last 20 years. Among main changes is replacing of deductions from the tax base with tax credits in 2006, as well as linking income tax and contributions on compulsory insurance in the form of so-called super-gross wage with the simultaneous introduction of a flat tax rate and introduction of maximum assessment bases for compulsory contributions in 2008. In this paper, we quantify the fiscal impacts of significant changes using macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches. We compare the results within each other, but also with the expected fiscal impact stated...
Kvantifikácia vplyvu zmien a zdrojov hospodárskeho rastu na elasticitu trhu práce v krajinách Európskej únie
Quantification of Effect of Changes and Sources of Economic Growth on Labour Market Elasticity in EU Countries
Monika Daňová, Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová
Politická ekonomie 2021, 69(6):669-688 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1334
The aim of the paper is to verify the sensitivity of national labour markets to economic growth while respecting its sources and different growth trends. We monitored the change in employment caused by economic growth in the set of EU27 member states in the period 2000-2019. The sensitivity of the labour market was quantified by finding the values of the elasticity coefficient. To obtain it, we used a relation to calculate the point elasticity as well as a logarithmic linear regression model compiled for each member state. The differences in the response of the labour market were identified by comparing the values of the indicator. To determine the...
Tax Policy in the Slovak and Czech Economies
Zlatica Peňáková
Politická ekonomie 2021, 69(6):689-707 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1336
Today, society is struggling with the uncertainty caused by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Government budgets will face a real challenge in the coming years. This paper provides an overview of public finances and their condition over the past 20 years in the Slovak and Czech Republics. It investigates the possible effects of different tax type changes and also the option to cover budget losses. A simple dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with three sectors was calibrated using data from 2018 and a stochastic analysis was performed. It was shown that the economy was more sensitive to shocks on social security contributions...
Konzultace
K souvislostem mezi ekonomií a etikou
Relationship Between Economics and Ethics
Marie Bohatá
Politická ekonomie 2021, 69(6):708-721 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1335
The aim of the paper is twofold: to point out important milestones in the development of the relationship between ethics and economics, and to present some examples of approaches aiming at re-integrating disciplines often perceived as antagonistic. There is, however, a wide variety of concepts and views trying to bring both disciplines closer, and the paper gives the reader a taste of different points of view, especially those less known and not mirrored in the Czech economic literature. The author is of the view that these concepts could inspire reflections on and efforts to tackle economic and societal problems that are becoming increasingly complex...